青龙衣木脂素提取现状,青龙衣的药用价值及食用方法

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【摘要】   目的研究青龙衣抗肿瘤活性部位的化学成分。方法利用硅胶柱色谱和大孔吸附树脂等色谱方法对青龙衣抗肿瘤活性部位进行系统分离和结构鉴定,并利用核磁共振波谱方法确定了化合物的结构。结果共分离得到5个二芳基庚烷类化合物,分别为galeon(i),胡桃苷 a(ii),枫杨素(iii),3',4''-epoxy-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3''-methoxylphenyl)-heptane-2-hydr-oxy-3-one(iv),4''-epoxy-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3''-methoxylphenyl)-heptane-3-hydroxy(v)。结论化合物i,iii,iv,v首次从该植物中分离得到。

【关键词】 青龙衣 化学成分 二芳基庚烷

  abstract:objectiveto study the natural anticancer products from sthe compounds were isolated by chromatography with silica gel columns and ab-8 resin etc.,and were identified by nmr analysis. resultsthey are galleon(i),juglanin a(ii),pterocarine(iii),3',4''-epoxy-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3''-methoxylphenyl)-heptane-2-hydroxy-3-one(iv),4''-epoxy-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3''-methoxylphenyl)-heptane-3-hydroxy(v).conclusioncompound i,iii,iv,v were isolated from this plant for the first time.

  key words: qinglongyi; chemical constituents; diarylheptanoids

青龙衣为胡桃科胡桃属植物核桃楸 juglans mandshurica maxim的青果皮[1],该药始载于《开宝本草》,古代诸家多以其清热解毒、祛风疗癣、止痛止痢等功效入药。 现代 研究发现其在抗肿瘤方面作用较显著。本文对青龙衣抗肿瘤活性部位进行了系统地分离,共分离得到5个二芳基庚烷类化合物,分别为galeon(i),胡桃苷 a(ii),枫杨素(iii),3',4''-epoxy-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3''-methoxyl-phenyl)-heptane-2-hydroxy-3-one(iv),4''-epoxy-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3''-metho-xylphenyl)-heptane-3-hydroxy(v),其中化合物i,iii,iv,v首次从该植物中分离得到。

   1 仪器与材料

bruker-400型超导核磁共振光谱仪;ms-2010型质谱仪和finnigan lcq lc-ms联用仪;岛津公司ftir-8400s型红外光谱仪;柱色谱硅胶 (200~300目)为青岛海洋化工厂生产;ab-8型大孔吸附树脂由南开大学化工厂生产;其它试剂均为分析纯。青龙衣药材于2007年购于黑龙江省药材公司,经黑龙江中医药大学中药鉴定教研室王振月教师鉴定。

   2 方法与结果

  2.1 提取分离将干燥的青龙衣药材5.0 kg,粉碎, 95%乙醇回流提取3次,减压浓缩得乙醇浸膏(376 g)。提取物用适量水混悬后,用乙酸乙酯和氯仿分别进行两相回流,回收有机试剂后,得醋酸乙酯层浸膏(33 g),通过ab-8型大孔吸附树脂柱色谱,以h2o,50%乙醇和95% 乙醇依次洗脱,其中95%乙醇洗脱组分(12 g)反复用硅胶柱层析后得到化合物i(20 mg),化合物ii(18 mg),化合物iii(16 mg)。chcl3洗脱组分(40 g)反复用硅胶柱层析后得到化合物iv(31 mg),化合物v(23 mg)。其化学结构式见图1。   2.2 结构鉴定

  2.2.1 化合物i白色无定形粉末(meoh), ei-ms给出326 [m]+,分子量应为326。1h-nmr(400 mhz,cdcl3) δ:2.97,2.83(2h,ddd,j=0.8,10.8,16.0 hz,h-1);2.36,2.24(2h,ddd,j=2.0,8.0,16.8 hz,h-2);1.95,1.51(2h,m,h-4);1.52(2h,m,h-5);1.77( dd,j=5.2,12.8 hz,h-6a),1.56(m,h-6b);2.83,2.63 (2h,dt,j=4.8,13.2 hz,h-7);5.56(1h,d,j=2.0hz,h-2');6.83(1h,d,j=8.0 hz,h-5');6.62(1h,dd,j=2.0,8.0hz,h-6');6.86(1h,d,j=2.0 hz,h-2'');7.02(1h,d,j=8.4hz,h-5'');6.88(1h,d,j=2.0,8.4 hz,h-6'');3.73 (3h,s,3''-och3);5.59( 1h,brs,4'-oh)。1h-nmr(400 mhz ,cdcl3) δ:27.5 (c-1),41.4 (c-2),210.2 (c-3),46.4 (c-4),19.1(c-5),27.4 (c-6),36.0(c-7),133.4 (c-1'),112.3 (c-2'),147.3 (c-3'),143.2(c-4'),115.0(c-5'),122.0 (c-6'),140.2 (c-1''),115.0 (c-2''),152.2 (c-3''),142.9(c-4''),124.1(c-5''),122.1 (c-6''),56.1(3''-och3)。nmr数据与 文献 报道[2]的galeon一致,故化合物i为galeon。

  2.2.2 化合物ii 白色无定形粉末(meoh), ei-ms给出356[m]+,表明分子量应为356。1h-nmr(400 mhz,cdcl3) δ:2.99,2.74(2h,ddd,j=2.0,9.2,16.4 hz,h-1);2.29(2h,m,h-2) 2.08,1.75(2h,ddd,j=5.6,10.8,16.0 hz,h-4);1.59(2h,m,h-5);1.80,1.65( 2h,m,h-6);3.16,2.37 (2h,ddd,j=5.6,13.2,16.8 hz,h-7);5.56(1h,d,j=2.0 hz,h-2');6.82(1h,d,j=8.4 hz,h-5');6.62(1h,dd,j=2.0,8.0 hz,h-6');6.58(1h,d,j=8.4 hz,h-5'');6.90(1h,d,j=8.4 hz,h-6'');3.94 (3h,s,4'-och3);3.98 (3h,s,3''-och3);5.95( 1h,brs,2''-oh)。13c-nmr (400 mhz,cdcl3) δ:27.1 (c-1),41.1 (c-2),210.1 (c-3),46.2 (c-4),19.0(c-5),24.7 (c-6),29.9(c-7),134.3 (c-1'),113.1 (c-2'),149.0 (c-3'),146.4(c-4'),111.9(c-5'),122.0 (c-6'),124.8 (c-1''),147.9 (c-2''),139.8 (c-3''),145.6(c-4''),115.9(c-5''),126.1 (c-6''),56.1(4'-och3),61.6(3''-och3)。nmr数据与文献报道[3]的juglanin a一致,故化合物ii为juglanin a。

  2.2.3 化合物iii白色无定形粉末(meoh),ei-ms给出312[m]+,表明分子量应为312。1h-nmr(400 mhz,cdcl3) δ:2.89,2.82(2h,ddd,j=1.0,10.8,16.4 hz,h-1);2.36,2.28(2h,ddd,j=2.4,8.2,16.8 hz,h-2);1.91,1.83(2h,m,h-4);1.54(2h,m,h-5);1.68,1.64( 2h,m,h-6);2.73,2.68 (2h,dt,j=4.8,13.2 hz,h-7);5.55(1h,d,j=2.2hz,h-2');6.83(1h,d,j=8.0 hz,h-5');6.63(1h,dd,j=2.2,8.0 hz,h-6');6.94(1h,d,j=2.0 hz,h-2'');6.88(1h,d,j=8.4 hz,h-5'');6.84(1h,d,j=2.0,8.4hz,h-6'');5.79(1h,brs,4'-oh);5.72(1h,brs,3''-oh)。13c-nmr(400 mhz ,cdcl3) δ:27.3(c-1),41.2(c-2),210.4(c-3),46.4(c-4),19.1(c-5),27.3(c-6),35.8 (c-7),133.7 (c-1'),112.5 (c-2'),147.0 (c-3'),143.1(c-4'),115.5(c-5'),122.7 (c-6'),140.4 (c-1''),118.2 (c-2''),149.1(c-3''),141.2(c-4''),123.5(c-5''),122.7 (c-6'')。nmr数据与刘红兵的研究(《中草药东京枫杨抗肿瘤活性成分研究》, 中国 海洋大学2004博士 论文 )中的枫杨素一致,故化合物iii为枫杨素(pterocarine)。

  2.2.4 化合物iv灰白色无定形粉末(meoh),ei-ms给出342[m]+,表明分子量应为342。1h-nmr (400 mhz,cdcl3) δ:2.94 (1h,dd,j=14.8,2.4 hz,h-1a);2.85 (1h,ddd,j=14.8,6.9 hz,h-1b);4.01 (1h,dd,j=6.6,2.4 hz,h-2);2.04,1.76 (2h,ddd,j=5.6,10.8,16.0 hz,h-4);1.56(2h,m,h-5);1.83,1.62( 2h,m,h-6);2.72 (2h,m,h-7);5.58 (1h,d,j=2.2 hz,h-2');6.79 (1h,d,j=8.2 hz,h-5');6.65 (1h,dd,j=8.2,2.2 hz,h-6');6.88 (1h,d,j=2.0 hz,h-2'');7.00 (1h,d,j=8.0 hz,h-5'');6.87 (1h,dd,j=8.0,2.0 hz,h-6''); 3.94(3h,s,3''-och3);5.59( 1h,brs,4'-oh)。13c-nmr (400 mhz,cdcl3)δ:37.5 (c-1),82.6 (c-2),211.2(c-3),45.8(c-4),19.2 (c-5),27.9 (c-6),36.1 (c-7),128.1(c-1'),112.6 (c-2'),147.4(c-3'),143.2(c-4'),115.2 (c-5'),122.1 (c-6'),140.3(c-1''),115.8 (c-2''),152.6(c-3''),142.7(c-4''),124.6(c-5''),122.1 (c-6''),56.3 (3''-och3)。nmr数据与 文献 报道[4]3',4''-epoxy-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3''-methoxylphenyl)-heptane-2-hydroxy-3-one一致,故化合物iv为3',4''-epoxy-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3''-methoxylphenyl)-heptane-2-hydroxy-3-one。

  2.2.5 化合物v淡黄色油状物。ei-ms给出328[m]+,表明分子量应为328。1h-nmr(400mhz,cdcl3) δ:2.86,2.83(2h,ddd,j=2.2,9.6,16.4 hz,h-1);1.46(2h,m,h-2);3.22(1h,m,h-3);1.82,1.47(2h,m,h-4);1.49(2h,m,h-5);1.97(2h,m,h-6);2.81,2.53 (2h,m,h-7);5.64(1h,d,j=2.0 hz,h-2');6.68(1h,d,j=8.0 hz,h-5');6.57(1h,dd,j=2.0,8.0 hz,h-6');6.96(1h,d,j=2.0 hz,h-2'');7.04(1h,d,j=8.0 hz,h-5'');6.89(1h,d,j=2.0,8.0hz,h-6'');3.75 (3h,s,3''-och3);5.60( 1h,brs,4'-oh)。1h-nmr(400 mhz ,cdcl3) δ:28.4 (c-1),41.8 (c-2),78.6 (c-3),43.4 (c-4),20.2(c-5),28.9 (c-6),36.2(c-7),133.8 (c-1'),112.6 (c-2'),147.9 (c-3'),143.0(c-4'),115.5(c-5'),122.3 (c-6'),140.2 (c-1''),115.1 (c-2''),152.4 (c-3''),142.7(c-4''),124.0(c-5''),122.1 (c-6''),56.3(3''-och3)。nmr数据与文献报道[4]的4''-epoxy-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3''-methoxylphenyl)-heptane-3-hydroxy一致,故化合物v为4''-epoxy-1-(4'-hydroxyph-enyl)-7-(3''-methoxylphenyl)-heptane-3-hydroxy。

   3 讨论

目前,从青龙衣中分离得到的二芳基庚烷类化合物多为环醚型。据报道,此类成分具有明显的抗肿瘤作用,是青龙衣抗肿瘤作用的药效物质基础之一,后续分离工作尚在进行中。

【 参考 文献】   [1]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典,下册[m ].上海:上海 科学 技术出版社,1986:1544.  [2]morihara m.,sakurai,,t.,et al. two novel diarylheptanoid glucosides from myrica gale var. tomentosu and absolute structure of plane-chiral galeon[j]. .,1997,45(5):820.  [3]jun x l,duo l d,xin y h,et al new diarylheptanoids from the pericarps of juglans regia l.[j]. chin chem letter,2007,18:943.  [4]gao li,ming-lu xu,han-gon choi, et al. four new diarylheptanoids from the roots of juglans mandshurica[j]. chem. pharm. bull,2003,51(3):262.

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